An individual user may print out a pdf of a single chapter of a monograph in. And to provide a lasting solution to it, one needs to know the causes and effect in secondary schools, tertiary institutions, etc. The overview also stresses that electoral systems do not exist in. This most likely because they have little or nothing to lose. James understanding the causes, consequences, and remedies for defects in the practice of elections is being. Electoral fraud and malpractice present tangible, yet distinct, threats to the election process. This report is an analysis of electoral malpractice incidents over 7 weeks. Politicians hijack this situation to achieve their political him. The lack of information on the extent of medical malpractice is problematic, the causes and prevalence of medical errors would be much easier to assess and address if the data was readily available. Shaping democratic practice and the causes of electoral fraud february 2009 national parliamentary elections generated a robust, contentious, and competitive electoral culture that was fullycomparable ifnotmoreadvanced thanmany ofits north atlantic neighbors at the time anderson 2000, 8. Causes and effects of examination malpractice in society. The principal argument of the book is that factors affecting the costs of electoral malpractice are crucial in determining whether leaders will, in. The objective of this paper is to examine the threats of electoral malpractice as it undermines. Types and effects of electoral malpractice in southeast.
They may be tempted to engage in electoral malpractice in order to ensure their reelections, but in many contexts the cost of. Frederic schaffer, university of massachusettsamherst. Pdf causes and effects of examination malpractices on the. Political crisis is the problems that always occur while conducting elections and this is as a result of electoral malpractices. What is a list of the causes of electoral malpractice. The constitution has provided for how elections should be conducted. Professor attahiru jega, the problem with temporary staff is that they are more easily influenced into electoral malpractices and are sometimes not available during the process. The historical origin of the notable electoral malpractice in nigeria began with the general elections held in 1964. Forms of electoral malpractice use of fake ballot papers underage voting thuggery and intimidation financial inducement fake manifestos.
Political crisis and electoral malpractices in a growing. Five studies on the causes and consequences of voter turnout the harvard community has made this article openly available. James 2014 electoral management in ritain in pippa norris, richard frank and ferran matinez i oma eds advancing electoral integrity new york. As birchs work shows, electoral malpractice can manifest through. Finally, the paper concluded that politicians, independent national electoral commission inec and even the judiciary have not shown respect for democracy in nigeria, and so the best way to restore peoples confidence in the electoral system and democracy is by creating an enabling environment for free and fair elections.
This is a notable cause for concern in africa, where, as one participant noted, twentyfive countries on the continent are classified as mixed regimes, neither full democracies nor full autocracies. Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election fraud, election manipulation or vote rigging, is illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Election rigging chews aggressively at the very heart of democracy, standard of living and the level of trust placed on the government by the hoi polloi. Electoral malpractice what is the definition of electoral malpractice. Aluaigba is a senior research fellow at the aminu kano centre for democratic research and training bayero university, kano, nigeria email.
Jul 04, 2015 issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Get free research paper on electoral malpractices and card reader system in nigeria. Assurances from government officials and political party leaders about their commitment to peaceful elections have come under serious and legitimate doubt when people who work for these leaders engage in violent acts either verbal or physical without being. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed.
The effects of electoral malpractices on nigeria democratic. Causes, effects and possible ways of curbing the menace. The study also shows how electoral malpractice might be reduced by means of. Three 3 research questions were used for the study with descriptive survey design adopted.
Elections ought in theory to go a long way towards making democracy work, but. Electoral malpractices are acts which impact the fairness and legality of elections, by seeking to change the behaviours of voters or election results note that threats and acts of violence are covered in separate reports. Electoral malpractices in nigeria here are the causes and ways to prevent the. The causes and effects of examination malpractices on educational standard a case study of selected secondary schools in oyun local goverment area of kwara state. Even though electoral fraud has a welldocumented antiquity, dating back to the fledgling. These more recent conceptualizations encompass similar processes through which political. Electoral malpractice electoral malpractice can be defined as an illegal interference with electoral process. This volume undertakes an analytic and explanatory investigation of electoral malpractice, which is understood as taking three principal forms. Voter apathy is one of the worst thing that could happen in a democratic system.
Defining electoral integrity and electoral malpractice. Explore electoral malpractices profile at times of india for photos, videos and latest news of electoral malpractices. Only a handful of works classify reports on electoral fraud to identify its nature, magnitude, and causes. Party politics and electoral malpractice in ghanas election 2012. While freedom was greeted with euphoria in many places, it could not mask the deep political instability that often accompanied independence. The following solutions can bring an end to all the negativities caused by electoral malpractices in our country and also fix our electoral system which is now producing sour instead of sweet grapes. The recent 2016 post election crisis in gabon12 that left scores dead seems to shows that electoral violence is an intractable phenomenon on the.
Electoral fraud is the organized strategy or programs of indi viduals and or political parties to get desired results of an elec toral process either by hook or crook. What are the various malpractices that occur during the. Causes of election malpractice crave for power poverty lack of political education bribery and corruption inadequate planning influence of the political party in power lack of stiff. Cdlad2018009e report on the identification of electoral irregularities by statistical methods, taken note of by the council for democratic elections, venice, at its 61st meeting, venice, 15 march 2018 and by the venice commission at its 114th plenary session, venice, 1617 march 2018. What is electoral malpractice and what are its consequences. What are the most common electoral malpractices in nigeria here are the causes and ways to prevent the fraudulent actions and change the democratic processes for better. There are numerous factors that influence elections in nigeria. The study investigated causes and effect of examination malpractice on the performance of secondary school students in orumba south local government area. Shaping democratic practice and the causes of electoral. Challenges of electoral malpractices on democratic. Challenges and opportunities september 2011 background from the 1950s through to the 1970s, decolonization swept across africa. Electoral malpractice and the challenges of democratic consolidation in nigerias fourth republic conference paper pdf available august 2016 with 7,837 reads how we measure reads. Electoral malpractice in any form is anathema to democracy because of its retrogressive effect on the quality of democracy in a country.
It is worthy of note that this political and social vice has causes. Medical malpractice is defined as negligence by a medical professional by act or omission which causes serious injury or death. In human society, politics is seen as every day game, individuals or group struggle to dominate over the activities of life. Electoral security electoral security is defined as the process of protecting electoral stakeholders such as voters, candidates, poll workers, media, and observers, electoral information and campaign materials. This paper examines the causes and forms of examination malpractice in nigeria, the consequences on the national development, previous efforts made at curbing it and recommended ways of eradicating examination malpractice in the country.
As a corollary, electoral malpractices are not condoned anywhere in the world but rather censured. The effects of electoral malpractice on nigerias path to democratic consolidation moses t. Read on to find out the answers to these questions and top 6 consequences of electoral frauds for the nation. The effect of electoral malpractices on the sustenance of democracy in nigeria uduma, d. Electoral malpractices is the failing of all electoral institutions or bodies to carry out election in the proper or professional way it is supposed to be done. Trends in electoral violence in nigeria, rasak bamidele2. The causes of electoral malpractice are as discussed below. Request pdf electoral malpractice elections ought in theory to go a long. Between 4 15 crores is allegedly spent by many candidates in lok sabha elections whereas the ec limit is rs 70 lakhs. Refining the vocabulary international foundation for. Five studies on the causes and consequences of voter turnout. Although all election assistance programming can indirectly address fraud and malpractice vulnerabilities, election managers and other key stakeholders have an important responsibility to proactively and directly address the integrity of the election process.
It is the number one cause of electoral violence before, during or after elections. Electoral bodies are those who conduct and supervise election process. A definition of electoral integrity is outlined on the basis of democratic theory. The above definitions are the hallmarks of electoral violence in nigerias fourth republic. Parents cant be exempted from this social wrong because they also contribute to this problem. Here are the major reported malpractices in elections in india. A case study of ikpoba okha local government area of edo state includes abstract and chapter one, complete project material available the effect of electoral malpractice on the performance of political office holders. Electoral malpractice can occur in all stages of the electoral cycle and affect electoral competition, representation and participation. Nov 03, 2019 one of the problems facing our education system in nigeria is examination malpractice. The effect of electoral malpractice on the performance of political office holder in ikpoba okha local government area of edo state have became a concern to both individual and private bodies, this is as a result of the level of corruption, embezzlement, and bad policies formulations and implementation which have left the local government area. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah. Elections ought in theory to go a long way towards making democracy work, but in many contexts, they fail to embody democratic ideals because they are affected by electoral manipulation and misconduct. Causes, effects and how to stop it electoral violence in nigeria photo source. Abstract examination malpractice is a serious problem in nigerian educational institutions and especially in secondary schools.
Electoral malpractice is a problem that afflicts virtually all countries in the world to some degree. Violence and coercion became a common means of changing. Ebonyi state independent electoral commission ebsiec, abakaliki, ebonyi state, nigeria abstract education, being a process of teaching and learning is evaluated through examination at the end of the learning. One of the most critical and salient features of any meaningful democracy accepted all over the world is the conduct of acceptable. They bring out money to them in order to use them to engage in various electoral malpractices. Types and effects of electoral malpractice in southeast asia. A violent electoral process scares away a good number of the electorate who refuse to participate in the process.
Pdf political crisis and electoral malpractices in a. Results showed that the major causes of election malpractice amongst others are the desire to gain undue advantage over credible candidates, absence of. The study which is comparative in nature starts out by providing a conceptual definition and typology of electoral malpractice, before considering evidence for the causes of this phenomenon. This electoral malpractice is usually carried out with the use of violence by politicians to achieve their desperate ambitions for power. The causes of electoral corruption politicians in all countries face a tradeoff between the desire to be reelected and the desire to retain legitimacy schedler, 2002b, pp. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah gabriel sous dir. What exactly constitutes electoral fraud varies from country to country. The causes and effects of examination malpractices on.
In light of the above, this study intends to investigate the causes of electoral violence in wa municipality in the upper west region of ghana. Read on to find out how to end election malpractice. Many ghanaians, in recent times have expressed doubt about peace before, during and after december 2012 presidential and general elections. The objective of this paper was to examine various electoral malpractices and problems in africa, looking critically at suffrage, franchise and elections and the attendant problems as well as the malpractices associated with it.
The effects of electoral malpractices on nigeria democratic consolidation 199920 after a long military rule that almost cripple the socioeconomic of the country, nigerians launched a new democratic dispensation on may 29, 1999. The omission part of the equation is actually one of the most. Latest and breaking news on electoral malpractices. This is why the great greek philosopher aristotle saw man as a political animal. The effect of electoral malpractices on the sustenance of. Abstract this study examines the effect of electoral malpractices on the sustenance of democracy in nigeria.
Media and other reports do however provide a general idea of the current medical malpractice situation. Refining the vocabulary chad vickery and erica shein white paper series may 2012 t m n s s 2 5 y e a r i e r n a t i o n a l f o u n d a t i o n f o r e l e c t o r a l s y s t i f e s global expertise. Your story matters citation fowler, anthony george. A study of cross river university of technology international journal of managerial studies and research ijmsr page 61.
Abstract pakistans electoral history is marred by electoral malpractices. Section 2 provides an overview of what electoral systems are and why they matter. Electoral malpractices, includes any act, omission or commission that attempts to or in essence circumvent the electoral process to favour a person, candidate or party. A case study of the general elections 2008 iffat humayun khan. It is part of parents work to train their children on how to be selfdependent and also to build a level of confidence in their children.
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